Justin Janawitz. Howell. Advanced World Literature, Gold

Justin Janawitz Howell Advanced World Literature, Gold 3 17 March 2017 Role of Theme in the Development of Oedipus Rex Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex is a classic Greek tragedy that was first performed during the beginning of the Hellenistic era of Greek history and is considered by many to be the masterpiece of Greek Tragedy. Before the play begins, Oedipus unknowingly fulfills a prophecy in which he kills his father, marries his mother, and has children with her. He kills his father, King Laius, at the Crossroads without knowing who it was, and by solving the riddle of the Sphinx, Oedipus became King of Thebes and took his mother, Jocasta, as his queen and had children with her. During the play, Oedipus is constantly searching for the murderer†¦show more content†¦Oedipus’s ignorance and desire to gain knowledge eventually leads to his tragic discovery of his identity, which leads to his exile from Thebes. Oedipus has a desire to acquire knowledge about himself, and the situation in Thebes. This desire proves to lead to the uncovering o f Oedipus as the killer, thus leading to his exile and blindness. At the beginning of the play, Oedipus strives to find out who he is and acquires information and intellect about himself. He is told he will become a blind beggar. This can be interpreted as a double entendre because Oedipus is blind of his own fate, and the fact that he is the killer of King Laius, but by the end, he is physically blind in that he gouged his eyes out upon the discovery of his mother’s death. Oedipus undergoes a transformation from being ignorant in his desire to gain information, to regretting his decision of gaining information; â€Å"The clear-eyed, commanding, intellectually impressive Oedipus of the beginning of the play does not know who he truly is and how he has acted toward his closest kin. The physically blinded Oedipus at the end, however, does know the truth about himself, and this truth paradoxically makes him a figure of awe and terrible grandeur.† (Roman et al. 365). The t heme of knowledge plays a prominent role in Oedipus Rex and helps to develop the character of Oedipus along with the

The Criminal Justice System - 2050 Words

Within Canada, the central purpose of the Criminal Justice system is to implement social control, prevent and identify crime and to prosecute those who breach the law. However, though the criminal justice system deals with all of these various components as a whole, the responsibility of each is divided between a variety of authority. The court is an area of the justice system that a significant weight of responsibility is placed upon, as the court essentially plays a multifaceted role in determining the innocence or guilt of a subject. (Griffiths, 147) Furthermore, one of the most difficult tasks asked of the courts is the principle of judicial independence. Essentially, judicial independence ensures that citizens are given the absolute right to have their cases tried by tribunals that are fair, impartial, and immune to any from of political interference. (Griffiths, 147) Therefore, through primary analysis of the criminal justice system, many observations were made of the various processes and structures of the courts. The criminal justice system, being quite complex, was difficult to analyze but within a day of court, the practices and procedures of the system were outlined with clarity. Despite the justice system containing an array of components, three main elements stood out that were actively exercised in the courthouse. These various elements include professionals known as the courtroom work group who actively facilitate all aspects of trial, the demandingShow MoreRelatedJustice Systems And The Criminal Justice System Essay1248 Words   |  5 PagesThe criminal justice system is a complex and often uncoordinated system that operates by enforcing the law and seeking justice across countless jurisdictions. It is comprised of many separate agencies including agencies at the federal, state, and local level. Each agency has its own function and goals while operating at different levels of government. The agencies also represent different concerns and value s of the public, creating a fragmented system rather than a monolithic, unified system. A monolithicRead MoreCriminal Justice System1524 Words   |  7 Pagesfor the Criminal Justice System is to reduce the crime and the fire of crime. In order to achieve this it is using different agencies and the major of them are the Police, Prosecution, Courts, Prisons and Probation. They all are operating in synchrony for achieving their legal responsibilities and particularly for reducing the level of crime. The aim of this essay specifically is to discuss the functions of the police and how they actually fit with the objectives of the Criminal Justice System as aRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System1308 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Criminal Justice System The criminal justice system refers to the way in which a society chooses to handle all aspects of crime and punishment. In the Western world, particularly the United States, the criminal justice system is an official governmental system that focuses on crime and punishment, though some societies still incorporate a significant amount of informal social controls into their criminal justice systems. The criminal justice system covers everything from crime-prevention andRead MoreThe On The Criminal Justice System984 Words   |  4 PagesGarland (2001), view on â€Å"the criminal justice system in America was created to keep communities safe, to respect and restore victims, and to return offenders who leave prison to be self-sufficient and law-abiding. Treatment simply did not work either by therapy or broader social programs and became is a monumental failure that our states and nation can no longer afford† (p.61) Garland (2001) stated â€Å"that the collapse of faith in our correction system began a wave of demoralization that underminedRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System1667 Words   |  7 PagesThe criminal justice system has for long been faced by a lot of caseloads, an issue which has been heaping a lot of pressure on the stakeholders.  Ã‚  The cause of increased workload is lack of adequate resources to deal with the caseload. Some people have argued that the only way to deal with the overloads is to provide more money to the criminal justice systems so that everyone involved will be able to do the required tasks and in so doing reduce the number of cases while scholars think that the onlyRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System720 Words   |  3 Pages Victims usually adopt a subsidiary role in the courts, compared to the accused or offender (Booth, 2016). Victim-focused law reforms are open to many jurisdictions throughout Australia, and majority of systems which follow the adversarial nature of proceedings (Garkawe, 2007). The justice system aims to enforce a therapeutic structure, however, in some instances this fails to be upheld for the victim. In a sentencing hearing, an offender’s mitigating factors may reduce their sentence, thereforeRead MoreCriminal Justice System1308 Words   |  6 PagesNorways criminal justice system is doing something right. The few citizens that go to prison usually only go once. How does Norway achieve this? The country relies on a method called restorative justice, which aims to repair the harm caused by crime rather than punish people. This system is purely focused on rehabilitating prisoners. The United States, on the other hand, places focus on incarceration and incapacitation. This is w here the methodologies clash: should the criminal justice system be responsibleRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System1597 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of the criminal justice system is explained by three definitions: Control crime, Prevent crime, and provide and maintain justice. This sense of criminal justice has been the same since pre-civilized communities, where the elders of a tribe enforced the laws of the village. The criminal justice system has changed drastically from the times of kinship systems to today’s system of laws. As time has passed criminal justice has change in many ways, for example: the way they dress, arrest,Read MoreThe Criminal Justice System1454 Words   |  6 Pages Our Criminal Justice System is far from perfect but it has fulfilled its design by becoming a living system so to speak. Our system is predicated upon discretion from start to finish whereas the first step in the process lies with the contacting officer. Once lawful presence has been established and probable cause for contact can be clearly articulated, the decision to make that contact rests solely with that officer. Of course, each department utilizes a form of controlled discretion, ensuringRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System1305 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout this course, I have learned about the many segments of the criminal justice system. The criminal justice system is made up of three main elements which process a case from initiation, through trial, to punishment. First a case starts with law enforcement officials, who investigate crime and gather evidence to identify and use against the assumed suspect. The case then proceeds to the court system, which evaluates the evid ence to decide if the defendant is guilty or innocent. If the defendant

Hutu Tribe Free Essays

Hutu The mention of the word â€Å"Hutu† immediately conjures up images of mass murder from the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. The recent film Hotel Rwanda brought the horrible atrocities of that genocide to the public eye. However, it is not only in Rwanda that the Hutu have been involved in ethnic war. We will write a custom essay sample on Hutu Tribe or any similar topic only for you Order Now The country of Burundi, a neighbor to Rwanda, was the site of the first violence between the Hutu and the Tutsi. The Hutu people of Burundi have a rich culture and history that has been largely overshadowed by ethnic conflict. The Hutu are a Bantu tribe numbering about thirteen million (Newbury 2001). Traditionally the Hutu organized themselves in clans and family groups through patrilineal decent (Ndarishikanye 1998). Within these groups they practiced polygyny and bridewealth as part of the institution of marriage (McDonald et. al 1969). Like many African tribes the Hutu’s religious beliefs include the spirit world. The supreme God Imana is seen as the giver of all good while there are lesser spirits who do evil (book). The Hutu inhabit the high plateau of the central African Rift Valley and inhabited 85% of Rwanda and Burundi before the ethnic wars in those countries (CIA World Factbook). The Hutu inhabit diverse geographies. In the southeast region of the Rwanda and Burundi territory there are open grasslands which are ideal for pastoral people. In the western region of the countries there are mountains. The west is good land for agriculture because it reliably receives rainfall. In the northeast there are lowlands that are along Lake Tanganyika (Newbury, 2001). This vast array of ecologies provides different possibilities for food production or procurement. The Hutu are traditionally agriculturalist but they did get involved in herding cattle because of the closely related Tutsi tribe. The Hutu wanted cattle and the Tutsi wanted laborers. To appease both groups, agreements called ubuhake were made. These agreements exchanged the Tutsi cattle for the Hutu labor. In other words when a Hutu entered this agreement he received cattle but in return became submissive to a Tutsi owner (Louis 1963). This is one reason that the minority Tutsi rose to control economics and rule over the majority Hutu, this would later lead to ethnic conflict. The ethnic conflict between the Tutsi and the Hutu is most famous in Rwanda but the Hutu of Burundi have also been severely affected by ethnic tension throughout the years. Understanding the causes and effects of the violence is a part of understanding the history of the Hutu people. The causes of the ethnic tensions between the Hutu and Tutsi are not simply explained. In fact, in 1931 Bernard Zuure, a missionary with seventeen years of work in Burundi, noted that it was pointless to distinguish between the Hutu and Tutsi because their cultures were so similar (Zuure 1931). What then caused the separation between the two ethnicities? According to Alphonse Rugambarara the separation of identities came when there was a specific political agenda to create separate Tutsi and Hutu ideologies. These terms created animosity and dichotomist identities where there was actually little difference (Rugambarara 1990). The identities of Hutu and Tutsi were so significant that other ethnicities or social segregations became less important. The role of the Hutu as submissive to the Tutsi was engrained in society. An example of this is that in the Kirundi language (spoken by the Hutu) there is not a word equivalent to the English equality or liberty so Hutu’s could not even verbalize a desire for freedom (Lermarchand 1995). Given the strong identity associated with ethnicity in Burundi the complications behind the explanation of the 1972 genocide are understandable. To get to the root of the problem or causes of the genocide is difficult because the perceptions of the Hutu and Tutsi about the conflict are very different (Lermachand 1995). Liisa Malkki studied Hutu refugees in Tanzania who had fled from the genocide. She discovered that in the refugee camps â€Å"mythico-histories† were created. These were stories or parables that the Hutu told which constructed their history and moral truths (Milkka, 1989). These stories were not necessarily untrue or true but they served to construct the identity of the Hutu and the cause of the genocide. The Hutu were not the only tribe developing â€Å"mythico-histories. † The truth is very hard to discern among many â€Å"histories† (Lermarchand 1995). Beyond the â€Å"why’s† of the conflict we can conclude the â€Å"what’s. † What actually took place in Burundi in 1972? In the spring of 1972 on April 29th the Hutu attempted a rebellion against the ruling Tutsi. In response the Tutsi retaliated with warfare. Within several weeks roughly 100,000 people were killed in the ethnic conflict. Of the total population of Burundi 3. 5 percent were wiped out (Mikksa 1989). This was not the last of ethnic violence in Burundi. In 1993 the country saw more violence when its first Hutu president, Melchior Ndadaye, was assassinated (Lemarchand 2001). The Hutu reacted to the Tutsi murder of their president by killing an estimated 20,000 Tutsi in the two months following the assassination (Lemarchand 2001). Blame for the violence between the two ethnicities cannot be placed on one group or the other, they are both responsible. The history between the Tutsi and the Hutu is full of attack and reaction sequences. Both the Tutsi and the Hutu wanted to have, â€Å"the last word. † With a long history of violence between Tutsi and Hutu in Burundi there have been severe repercussions. The largest affect of the genocide has been the diaspora of Burundi. The conflict in Burundi created both Tutsi and Hutu refugees in search of safety. The UN Refugee Agency (UN Refugee Agency 2007) estimated in June 2007 that a total of 464,026 Burundians had been displaced from their homes. Of that group 48,144 had returned to Burundi and 396,541 were still in refugee status (UN Refugee Agency 2007) Of the refugees still in refugee status, not including internally displaced persons (IDP) the UNHCR is assisting 164,191 (UN Refugee Agency 2007). What exactly do all these terms and numbers mean? Put simply they mean that there are hundreds of thousands of people who were forced or chased away from their homes and livelihoods. The UNHCR defines a refugee as â€Å"a person who is outside his/her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of persecution because of his/her race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion; and is unable or unwilling to avail himself/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution† (UN Refugee Agency 2007) Under such conditions it is expected that any people group will undergo significant changes. Liisa Milkka has written a book about the refugee status of the Hutu’s in Tanzania. She spent one year in Tanzania studying two groups of refugees. Many refugees fled to Tanzania after the genocide of 1972 in Burundi. The first group lived in an isolated refugee camp and the other settled near the town of Kigoma. The town refugees tended to be dispersed amongst non-refugees while the camp refugees were concentrated all in one place (Milkka 1989). Because of these arrangements the town refugees assimilated into the town culture. They took on many identities and did not solely live as â€Å"Hutu† or as â€Å"refugees† (Milkka 1992). Naturally it was more ifficult for the camp people to do the same because they had isolated themselves from the Tanzanians. The camp culture glorified the Hutu identity as the original inhabitants of Burundi who would one day return there to reestablish their kingdom (Milkka 1989). The status of refugee for these camp people was a great thing. It made them become â€Å"a purer and more powerful Hutu† (Milkka, 1992). Th ese differences between refugee definitions of â€Å"Hutu† complicate the Hutu ethnicity further. Instead of creating more confusion and uncertainty for the Hutu there should be a movement toward unity. This is exactly the approach that the Burundi government has taken to appease the violence between the Hutu and the Tutsi. Instead of stressing differences the government wants to stress unity. By focusing on national unity, democracy, and individual rights the Burundi government has tried to dissolve ethnic tensions (Ndarishikany, 1998). Some discussion has been made about the benefit that could come from reinstating the Burundian abashingatahe (Herisse 2002), which in traditional Burundian society was a judge, moral interpreter and well respected man (Newbury, 2001). The abashingatahe served to reconcile families with communities, certify marriages, settle litigations, maintain peace, and in general speak in favor of human rights (Herisse 2002). It is argued that bringing this social force back into practice will begin to reconstruct social unity in Burundi. This may be just what the Hutu people need to come together and rebuild. The troubles of the genocides between the Tutsi and Hutu have strained both cultures. Many refugees created by the genocides in Rwanda and Burundi have integrated themselves into foreign cultures. Just an hour to the north of us there are Burundi refugees in the city of Buffalo. These refugees come to the US speaking little if any English. They eventually get jobs and become functioning civilians. As Burundians assimilate into American culture they will eventually lose some of their â€Å"distinct† cultural features. Understanding some of the history of Burundian Hutu’s and the reasons behind the ethnic conflict with the Tutsi can increase the effectiveness with which we help refugees integrate into American society. Works Citied CIA World Factbook. (Nov. 1 2007). Burundi. Retrieved Nov. 13, 2007. https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/by. html#People Lemarchand, Rene. (1998). Genocide in the Greak Lakes: Which Genocide? Whose genocide? African Studies Review, 41, 3-16. Retrieved November 7, 2001, from JSTOR. Malkki, Liisa. (1992). National Geographic: The Rooting of Peoples and Territorialization of National Identity among Scholars and Refugees. Cultural Anthropology, 7, 24-44. from JSTOR. Malkka, Liisa. (1989). Purity and Exile  : Transformations in Historical-National Consciousness among Hutu Refugees in Tanzania. Ann Arbor: University Microfilsm. Malkki, Liisa H. (1996). Speechless Emissaries: Refugees, Humanitarianism, and Dehistoricization. Cultural Anthropology, 11, 377-404. Retrieved November 11, 2007, from JSTOR. McDonald, Gordon C. Brenneman, Lyle E. , Hibbs, Roy V. , James Charlene, A. , Vincenti, Violeta. (1969). Area handbook for Burundi. Ndarishikanye, Barnabe. (1998). The Question of the Protection of Minorities in Burundi. Issue: A Journal of Opinion, 26, 5-9, Retrieved November 8, 2007, from JSTOR. Newbury, David. 2001) Precolonial Burundi and Rwanda: Local Loyalties, Regional Royalties. The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 34,. 255-314. Retrieved November 8, 2007, from JSTOR. Rockfeler, Herisse, P. (2002). Democracy, Governance and Conflict in Burundi. Peace Studies Journal. 1-10. Rugambarara, Alphonse. (1990). Conscience ethnique. Le Reveil, July-August, 35-40. The UN Refugee Agency. (daily updated). 2006 Refugee Statistics. Retrieved Nov. 11, 2007. http://w ww. unhcr. org/statistics/STATISTICS/4676a71d4. pdf. Zuure, Bernard. (1931). L’ame du Murundi. Paris: Beauchesne. How to cite Hutu Tribe, Papers

Business Sustainability Business Inter-Relationships

Question: Describe about the Business Sustainability for Business Inter-Relationships. Answer: Introduction Systems thinking are a trans-disciplinary structure for considering interrelationships rather than things. A system thinker mainly edges a problem in terms of an outline of behavior over time rather than focusing on particular events. Systems thinking approach, like other approaches, also has some criticisms. It is mainly assumed that Systems thinking is too fundamentalist. In other words, it characterizes a fundamentally technocratic outlook of business problems. The significance of this approach is that it offers people a way to approach complex and unrelenting problems more efficiently. The wicked problem that will help to define system thinking is homelessnessin Australia. It is the situation of people without a lastingdwelling, like ahouseorapartment. People who are homeless are most often not capable to obtain and uphold usual, safe, protected and satisfactoryhousing. The officially authorized definition ofhomeless diverges from country to country, or amongst diverse jurisdicti ons in the same country or region.The term homelessmay also comprise people whose most important nighttime residence is in ahomeless. The following wicked problem Homelessness in Australia illustrates the fact that Systems thinking is critical in developing solutions to sustainability challenges.Wicked problems are mainly described as a problem that is difficult or impracticable to solve because of incomplete as well as conflicting requirements. This is because stakeholders have fundamentally different worldviews as well as diverse frame to understand the issue (Haines 2016). The people, who sleep rough on the streets or under makeshift dwellings, mainly experience the problem related to Homelessness in Australia. Young children, women and families staying in refugees or crisis accommodation are considered homeless. The Australians who couch surf or stay with their friends for a limited period or stay at cheap hotels are considered homeless. Australians of all ages are likely to become homeless. However, some people are more vulnerable to homelessness as compared to others. Out of the total population, 56 percent of homeless people are male. However, the numbers of females experiencing homeless are rising significantly. Young children and people are facing homelessness excessively (Atun 2012). Refugees and shelter seekers are directly impacted by homelessness in Australia that is mainly due to poverty and social isolation. The right to work also gets restricted depending on the type of visa that the refugees hold. Homelessness also directly affects them, as most of the refugees are unable to understand the services that are allotted to them. A large proportion of people who are suffering from mental illness also face the problem related to homelessness. These people face difficulty in accessing employment as well as education and support services (Chamberlain, Johnson and Robinson 2014). According to a survey, it has been found that the primary reason that accounted for homelessness in Australia is unprepared shelter that accounted for 6 percent of homelessness in Australia. It has been found that 17 percent of the individuals are staying with their friends or relatives. In the year 2012, more than 230,000 people established assistance from specialist homelessness services. More than 25 percent of the people in Australia are facing this problem due to domestic violence. Children under the age of 12 accounts for 17 percent of homelessness in Australia. The people in Australia experience chronic homelessness that indicates significant problems (Parsell, Jones and Head 2013) The individuals who are mostly affected by homelessness are indigenous people. They face greater social and financial drawback than other sectors of the population. Low levels of education and high levels of unemployment leads to homelessness among indigenous people. Youth from alternative family types are most at risk of becoming homeless as compared to students from conservative nuclear families. Primary homelessness refers to the individual who lives without conformist accommodation. On the other hand, secondary homelessness comprises the individuals who move frequently from one impermanent shelter to a different. Secondary homelessness mainly refers to the person who stays in transitional accommodation that is provided under the Supported Accommodation Assistance Program. Tertiary homelessness in Australia refers to those who stay in boarding houses on a medium or long-term basis (Sharam and Hulse 2014). (Figure: Iceberg Model) (Source: Created by Author) The diagram shows the iceberg model that defines homeless in Australia as chronic. This is mainly because most of the people in Australia face homelessness due to lack of appropriate, stable and safe accommodation. This increases the challenge for solving homelessness. Chronic homelessness has been described as a period of homelessness for 6 months or more. The presence of abuse disorder or disability also leads to homelessness in Australia. The official figure shows that homelessness in Australia had reached the tip of iceberg. The local authorities in Australia are housing homeless families in bed and breakfast because of a chronic scarcity of appropriate private provisional accommodation. The problems are likely to get worsened in the coming years (Galamba 2013). The underlying structure of homelessness mainly includes poverty, lack of education, domestic violence, chronic gambling and poor relationship. However, Systems thinking is critical in developing solutions to sustainability challengesis not agreed largely. Systems thinking will build a relationship between problems and their causes but the relationship is not obvious. The ways it will fix the homelessness problem have inadvertent results. However, it creates a new language that helps to communicate about difficulties as well as interdependencies (Milbourne and Cloke 2013). The Australian government operates under State regulation of the NAHA states that local governments are responsible for. The local government is responsible for building approval procedure. The local government in Australia is responsible for creating a supportive environment for the individuals who are homeless or at a risk of homelessness. This is mainly executed by offering affordable housing prices as well as support for services (Australia 2012). The federal government on the other hand, should look to fund networks of local government. There is always a need to provide education as well as training to the workers and elected officials. The federal government has the scope to expand a library of best practice with respect to the local government. The local government on the other hand has the full capacity to become more concerned about addressing homelessness in Australia. The policy involves the fact that the federal government fund 15-30 pilot projects where local government where local government in Australia are unable to secure the funding. As a result, they are also not able to display a good practice. The systems that mainly get affected by homelessness in Australia are human rights. The individuals who are facing homelessness face abuses of a broad range of human rights. One of the most basic human rights is the access to safe and secure housing. The lack of connectedness with family, friends and the society also leads to homelessness. Systems thinking will mainly go beyond mechanistic processes that will acknowledge the underlying role of human drivers of intricacy and change. The system thinking process has helped a number of people to get supportive housing. This in turn, led to greater consistency across the regions in Australia. Under system thinking, the solution will take place if the initiative is taken in the form of managing housing to ending housing (Loosemore and Cheung 2015). It is very important to develop a systems thinking approach to put an end to homelessness. The government officials in Australia along with the business leaders have forged this agreement. The approach signaled a definitive shift in how the society outlook the role of temporary shelters as well as other emergency reaction services. Systems thinking won state funding and as a result, the service providers who worked independently before, struggled for foundation. System thinking helps to build a strong foundation that will lead to methodical change. This in turn, involves the engagement of varied stakeholders in the planning stage. Systems thinking maps integrate diverse viewpoints into a picture of the system and provide an understanding of the root causes of homelessness. They mainly distinguish the interrelationships among systems that include the food systems and the quality of food. They also established about the movements of the individuals and the way they determines the effort of each other. These helped to pave the way for working together and creating strategies that will eradicate homelessness. Systems thinking also facilitated societies to work jointly and support responsibility for unintentional Consequences. There many people who increase their problem every time they try to solve it. Systems thinking mainly push for a policy that allows opening a space that is used to solve homelessness problem. An individual always tries to do what he feels is correct for him but that sometimes work against him. For instance, a person might feel like waiting for the best job opportunity by rejecting the existing offers. As a result, if he does not get the god opportunity it will leave him unemployed and as a result, homeless. Systems thinking will help the people understand how they contribute to the problem and whether they have power to solve the problems (Hubert and Ison 2016). Systems thinking also commit to a compelling vision by developing strategies. This is mainly done by committing to a convincing vision and by developing and coherent a theory of change. It mainly involves being engaged in a high-quality conversation that will lead to positive consequences. The conversation will mainly involve the eradication of homelessness in Australia. This conversation is bound to bring a positive and immediate result. Applying systems thinking to homelessness in Australia affirms the consequence of integrating approaches for thinking and acting in a systematic manner. This will make a shelter director to close his facility while another person will reinvest in the organization by focusing on how to help the homeless build shelter (Arnold and Wade 2015). Conclusion It can be concluded that Primary homelessness refers to the individual who lives without conformist accommodation. On the other hand, secondary homelessness includes the individuals who move frequently from one impermanent shelter to another. It has also been concluded that the underlying structure of homelessness mainly includes poverty, lack of education, domestic violence, chronic gambling and poor relationship. The local authorities in Australia are housing homeless families in bed and breakfast because of a chronic scarcity of appropriate private provisional accommodation. With the help of this report, it has been found that 17 percent of the individuals are staying with their friends or relatives. Under system thinking, the solution will take place if the initiative is taken in the form of managing housing to ending housing. It has also been found that the presence of abuse disorder or disability also leads to homelessness in Australia. The Australians who couch surf or stay with their associates for a limited period or stay at cheap hotels are considered homeless. Australians of all ages are likely to become homeless. It has been found that Systems thinking mainly push for a policy that allows opening a space that is used to solve homelessness problem. References Arnold, R.D. and Wade, J.P., 2015. A definition of systems thinking: a systems approach.Procedia computer science,44, pp.669-678. Atun, R., 2012. Health systems, systems thinking and innovation.Health policy and planning,27(suppl 4), pp.iv4-iv8. Australia, H., 2012. Homelessness in Australia.Homelessness Australia. Web,29, pp.202011-12. Chamberlain, C., Johnson, G. and Robinson, C. eds., 2014.Homelessness in Australia. UNSW Press. Galamba, N., 2013. Waters structure around hydrophobic solutes and the iceberg model.The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,117(7), pp.2153-2159. Haines, S., 2016.The systems thinking approach to strategic planning and management. CRC Press Hubert, B. and Ison, R.L., 2016. Systems Thinking toward institutional innovation and change. Loosemore, M. and Cheung, E., 2015. Implementing systems thinking to manage risk in public private partnership projects.International Journal of Project Management,33(6), pp.1325-1334. Milbourne, P. and Cloke, P.J., 2013.International perspectives on rural homelessness. Routledge. Parsell, C., Jones, A. and Head, B., 2013. Policies and programmes to end homelessness in Australia: Learning from international practice.International Journal of Social Welfare,22(2), pp.186-194. Sharam, A. and Hulse, K., 2014. Understanding the nexus between poverty and homelessness: relational poverty analysis of families experiencing homelessness in Australia.Housing, Theory and Society,31(3), pp.294-309.